Amazwe amaninzi ase-US agqibe kwelokuba ilanga, umoya kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ayinakwanela ukugcina unikezelo lombane njengoko befuna ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwamafutha efosili.
I-PROVIDENCE, RI - Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lutyhala amazwe ase-US ukuba anciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha e-fossil, abaninzi baye bagqiba ekubeni ilanga, umoya kunye neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyiweyo ayinakwanela ukugcina izinto ziqhubeka.
Njengoko amazwe etshintshela kude namalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokuphepha iimpembelelo ezimbi kakhulu zeplanethi yokufudumala, amandla enyukliya avela njengesisombululo sokuzalisa i-void.Umdla ohlaziyiweyo kumandla enyukliya uza njengeenkampani eziquka umsunguli weMicrosoft Bill. IiGates ziphuhlisa iireactor ezincinci, ezingabizi kakhulu ukongeza iigridi zamandla eluntwini kulo lonke elase-US
izibane zendlela yelanga
Amandla enyukliya aneseti yawo yeengxaki ezinokubakho, ingakumbi inkunkuma eqhumayo enokuthi ihlale iyingozi kangangamawaka eminyaka. Kodwa abo baxhasayo bathi iingozi zinokuncitshiswa, kwaye amandla abalulekile ekuzinziseni unikezelo lwamandla njengoko ihlabathi lizama ukuzikhulula kwikharbon dayokhsayidi- ukukhupha amafutha efosili.
UJeff Lyash, umongameli kunye ne-CEO ye-Tennessee Valley Authority, uyibeke ngokulula: Akukho kuncipha okubonakalayo kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngaphandle kwamandla enyukliya.
“Okwangoku ngexesha, andiyiboni indlela eya kusifikisa apho ngaphandle kokugcina inqanawa yangoku kunye nokwakha izibonelelo zenyukliya ezintsha,” utshilo uLyash.” Oku kusemva kokwandisa ubungakanani bamandla elanga esinokuwakha kwinkqubo. ”
I-TVA sisixhobo esilawulwa yi-federal ebonelela ngombane kumazwe asixhenxe kwaye iyindawo yesithathu enkulu yokuvelisa umbane e-United States.Iya kongeza malunga ne-10,000 yeemegawatts zamandla elanga ngo-2035-ngokwaneleyo ukunika amandla phantse amakhaya esigidi esi-1 ngonyaka-kwaye iphinda isebenze ezintathu. Izityalo zamandla enyukliya kunye nezicwangciso zokuvavanya i-reactor encinci e-Oak Ridge, e-Tennessee.Ngo-2050, inethemba lokuzuza ukukhutshwa kwe-net-zero, oku kuthetha ukuba akukho gesi ze-greenhouse ziveliswa kunokuba zisuswe emoyeni.
Uphando lwe-Associated Press malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla kuwo onke amazwe angama-50 kunye neSithili sase-Columbia lufumanise ukuba uninzi (malunga nesibini esithathwini) sikholelwa ukuba amandla enyukliya aya kunceda ekubuyiseleni amafutha efosili ngendlela enye okanye enye. Ukwandiswa kokuqala kolwakhiwo lwesixhobo senyukliya e-United States ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Ngokumalunga nesinye kwisithathu samazwe kunye neSithili sase-Columbia esiphendula kwi-survey ye-AP bathi babengenazo izicwangciso zokubandakanya amandla enyukliya kwiinjongo zabo zamandla aluhlaza, bathembele kakhulu kumandla avuselelekayo. kugcino lwamandla ebhetri, utyalo-mali kwiigridi zothumelo lwamandla ombane aphezulu aphakathi kwamazwe, ukunciphisa imfuno esuka kumadama ombane ophehlwa ngamanzi kunye neenzame zokonga umbane kumbane.
izibane zendlela yelanga
Izahlulo zamazwe ase-US kumandla enyukliya zibukisa ngeengxoxo ezifanayo ezenzeka eYurophu, kunye namazwe aquka iJamani ephelisa amandla awo kunye namanye, anjengeFransi, ebambelela kwitekhnoloji okanye aceba ukwakha ngaphezulu.
Ulawulo lwe-Biden, oluye lwafuna ukuthatha amanyathelo aqatha ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, ithi amandla enyukliya anokunceda ukubuyisela ukwehla kwamafutha ase-carbon kwigridi yamandla yase-US.
Unobhala wezaMandla wase-US uJennifer Granholm uxelele I-Associated Press ukuba urhulumente ufuna ukuphumeza umbane we-zero-carbon, "okuthetha ukuthi inyukliya, oku kuthetha i-hydro, oku kuthetha i-geothermal, okucacileyo okuthetha umoya kunye nomoya ovela ngaphandle, oku kuthetha ilanga..”
“Sifuna konke,” utshilo uGranholm xa wayetyelele eProvidence, eRhode Island, ngoDisemba ukukhuthaza iprojekthi yomoya ophuma elunxwemeni.
I-1 yetriliyoni yeebhiliyoni zeerandi iphakheji yeziseko ezingundoqo exhaswa kwaye yasayinwa kumthetho kulo nyaka uphelileyo iya kwabela malunga ne-2.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiiprojekthi zokubonisa i-reactor ephezulu. ISebe lezaMandla lathi uphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton kunye ne-US Decarbonization Research Initiative lubonise ukuba amandla enyukliya ayimfuneko ukuphumeza i-carbon- ikamva lasimahla.
IGranholm ikhuphe itekhnoloji entsha ebandakanya i-hydrogen kunye nokubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwekharbon diokside ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshelwe emoyeni.
Izixhobo zenyukliya zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwekhabhoni amashumi eminyaka, kwaye incoko yangoku yokutshintsha kwemozulu izisa izibonelelo zamandla enyukliya phambili, utshilo uMaria Kornick, umongameli kunye ne-CEO yoMbutho waMandla eNyukliya.
“Ubungakanani bale grid kulo lonke elase-United States, ifuna into ehlala ikhona, kwaye ifuna into enokuba ngumqolo wale gridi, ukuba uyafuna,” utshilo.” Yiyo loo nto isebenza ngomoya, ilanga kunye nelanga. yenyukliya.”
U-Edwin Lyman, umlawuli wokhuseleko lwamandla enyukliya kwiManyano yeeNzululwazi eziZixhalabileyo, uthe iteknoloji yenyukliya isenayo imingcipheko ebalulekileyo engazange ifumaneke eminye imithombo yamandla ekhabhoni esezantsi. Umbane obiza kakhulu, watsho. Ukwaxhalabile ukuba ishishini linganciphisa ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko ukugcina imali kunye nokukhuphisana kwimarike. Iqela alichasanga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enyukliya, kodwa lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba likhuselekile.
“Andinathemba lokuba siza kubona ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko ezinokundenza ndikhululeke ngokwamkelwa okanye ukusasazwa kwezi zinto zibizwa ngokuba ziimodyuli ezincinci kwilizwe liphela,” utshilo uLyman.
I-US nayo ayinazo izicwangciso zexesha elide zokulawula okanye ukulahla inkunkuma enobungozi enokuthi ibe kwindawo engamakhulu amawaka eminyaka, kwaye zombini inkunkuma kunye ne-reactor isengozini yeengozi okanye ukuhlaselwa okujoliswe kuyo, utshilo uLyman.I-2011 iintlekele zenyukliya eThree Mile Island, ePennsylvania, eChernobyl, yaye kutshanje, iFukushima, eJapan, zanikela isilumkiso esihlala sihleli ngeengozi.
Amandla enyukliya sele ebonelele malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zombane waseMelika kunye nesiqingatha samandla angena khabhoni aseMelika.Inkoliso yezixhobo zokusebenza zelizwe ezingama-93 zikwimpuma yoMlambo iMississippi.
Ngo-Agasti ka-2020, iKomishoni yoLawulo lweNyukliya iphumeze uyilo olunye lwemodyuli encinci yereactor – evela kwinkampani ebizwa ngokuba yiNuScale Power. Ezinye iinkampani ezintathu zixelele ikomiti ukuba ziceba ukwenza isicelo soyilo lwazo. Zonke zisebenzisa amanzi ukupholisa undoqo.
I-NRC ilindeleke ukuba ingenise uyilo malunga nesiqingatha seshumi elinesibini lee-reactors eziphambili ezisebenzisa izinto ngaphandle kwamanzi ukupholisa undoqo, njengerhasi, isinyithi esilulwelo okanye ityuwa etyhidiweyo. Ezi ziquka iprojekthi yenkampani yakwaGates iTerraPower eWyoming, elona lahle likhulu -ukuvelisa ilizwe e-United States.Kudala ixhomekeke kumalahle amandla kunye nemisebenzi kwaye ithumele ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samazwe.
Njengoko izinto eziluncedo ziphuma kumalahle, i-Wyoming isebenzisa amandla omoya kwaye yafakela amandla omoya wesithathu ngobukhulu kulo naliphi na ilizwe ngo-2020, emva kweTexas ne-Iowa kuphela. Amandla esizwe aza kunikezelwa ngokupheleleyo ngumoya kunye nelanga.Amandla ahlaziyekayo kufuneka asebenze ngokuhambelana nobunye ubugcisa obufana nenyukliya nehydrogen, utshilo.
I-TerraPower iceba ukwakha isityalo sayo esiphezulu sokubonisa i-reactor e-Kemmerer, idolophu yabantu abangama-2,700 entshona ye-Wyoming, apho i-coal-fired power plant ivala.I-reactor isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-sodium, i-sodium-cooled fast reactor kunye nenkqubo yokugcina amandla.
EWest Virginia, elinye ilizwe elixhomekeke kumalahle, abanye abenzi bomthetho bazama ukurhoxisa ukumiswa kukarhulumente ekwakhiweni kwezixhobo ezintsha zenyukliya.
Ireactor yesibini eyilwe yi-TerraPower iya kwakhiwa kwiLebhu yeSizwe yase-Idaho. Uvavanyo lwe-reactor enyibilikisiweyo yekloridi luya kuba nondoqo omncinane njengesikhenkcisi kunye netyuwa enyibilikisiweyo yokuyipholisa endaweni yamanzi.
Phakathi kwamanye amazwe axhasa amandla enyukliya, iGeorgia igxininisa ukuba ukwandiswa kwayo kwe-nyukliya kuya "kubonelela iGeorgia ngamandla acocekileyo aneleyo" iminyaka engama-60 ukuya kwe-80. IGeorgia ineprojekthi yenyukliya kuphela ephantsi kokwakhiwa e-US - ukwandisa isityalo seVogtle ukusuka kwizibini ezinkulu zemveli. Ixabiso lilonke ngoku lingaphezulu kwe-14 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ebeziqikelelwe ekuqaleni, kwaye le projekthi isemva kweminyaka.
I-New Hampshire ithi iinjongo zokusingqongileyo zommandla azinakufikelelwa ngokufikelelekayo ngaphandle kwamandla enyukliya.I-Alaska Energy Authority icwangcisa ukusetyenziswa kweemodyuli ezincinci ze-nyukliya ukususela ngo-2007, mhlawumbi kuqala kwimigodi ekude kunye neziseko zomkhosi.
I-Maryland Energy Authority yathi ngelixa zonke iithagethi zamandla avuselelekayo ziyancomeka kwaye iindleko ziwa, "kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo, siya kufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafutha," kubandakanywa amandla enyukliya kunye negesi yendalo ecocekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokunwebeka. iplanti yamandla enyukliya eMaryland, kunye noLawulo lwaMandla lukwiingxoxo nomvelisi wezixhobo ezincinci zemodyuli.
Amanye amagosa, ingakumbi kumazwe akhokelwa yiDemokhrasi, athi ahamba ngaphaya kwamandla enyukliya.Abanye bathi abazange bathembele kakhulu kuyo ukususela ekuqaleni kwaye abacingi ukuba bayafuneka kwixesha elizayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokufakela ii-injini zomoya okanye iipaneli zelanga, ixabiso lee-reactors ezintsha, iinkxalabo zokhuseleko kunye nemibuzo engasonjululwanga malunga nendlela yokugcina inkunkuma yenyukliya enobungozi ngabaphuli-mthetho, bathi.Abanye abagcini bendalo bachasene neemodyuli ezincinci ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokhuseleko kunye nenkunkuma enobungozi. inkxalabo.Iqela laseSierra libachaze "njengomngcipheko omkhulu, ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nokukrokra okukhulu".
I-New York State ineenjongo ezinqwenelekayo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwisizwe, kwaye igridi yamandla yexesha elizayo iya kulawulwa ngumoya, amandla elanga kunye nombane wamanzi, utshilo uDoreen Harris, umongameli kunye ne-CEO yeNew York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
UHarris uthe ubona ikamva elingaphaya kwenyukliya, ezantsi ukusuka phantse kwi-30% yomxube wamandla karhulumente namhlanje ukuya malunga ne-5%, kodwa urhulumente uya kufuna ugcino lwebhetri oluqhubela phambili, oluhlala ixesha elide kunye nezinye iindlela ezicocekileyo ezifana ne-hydrogen fuel.
I-Nevada inomdla ngakumbi kumandla enyukliya emva kwesicwangciso esingaphumelelanga sokugcina urhwebo lwaseburhulumenteni oluchithwe amafutha enyukliya kwi-Yucca Mountain.
I-Nevada iqonda ngcono kunamanye amazwe ukuba ubugcisa benyukliya bunemiba ebalulekileyo yobomi,” utshilo uDavid Bozien, umalathisi we-Ofisi yezaMandla yeRhuluneli yaseNevada. .”
ICalifornia iceba ukuvala indawo yayo yokugqibela yamandla enyukliya eseleyo, iDiablo Canyon, ngo-2025 njengoko itshintshela kumandla ahlaziyekayo angabizi kakhulu ukunika amandla igridi yayo ngo-2045.
Ngokutsho kombuso, amagosa akholelwa ukuba ukuba iCalifornia igcina ukwandiswa kokuveliswa kwamandla ahlambulukileyo "kwizinga lerekhodi kwiminyaka eyi-25 ezayo," okanye ukwakha umyinge we-6 gigawatts yemithombo entsha yokugcina amandla elanga, umoya kunye nebhetri ngonyaka, amagosa akholelwa ukuba ingakwazi ukufezekisa le njongo.uxwebhu lwesicwangciso.ICalifornia ikwangenisa ngaphandle umbane oveliswe kwamanye amazwe njengenxalenye yenkqubo yegridi yasentshona yase-US.
Abathandabuzayo bayathandabuza ukuba ingaba isicwangciso samandla ahlaziyekayo saseCarlifonia esibanzi siya kusebenza kwindawo ephantse ibe zizigidi ezingama-40 zabantu.
Ukulibazisa umhlalaphantsi weDiablo Canyon kude kube yi-2035 kuya kusindisa i-California i-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni kwiindleko zenkqubo yombane, ukunciphisa ithuba lokucima kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, uphando olwenziwa ngoososayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford kunye ne-MIT baphetha. USteven Chu uthe i-US ayizange ilungele ipesenti ze-100 zamandla avuselelweyo nanini na.
“Ziya kubakho xa umoya ungavuthi nelanga lingakhanyi,” watsho.” Kwaye siza kufuna amandla athile esinokuwavula kwaye siwathumele ngokuthanda kwethu.Oku kushiya iindlela ezimbini zokukhetha: amafutha efosili okanye inyukliya.”
Kodwa iKomishoni yoLuntu lwaseCalifornia yathi ngaphaya kwe-2025, i-Diablo Canyon inokufuna "ukuphuculwa kwe-seismic" kunye noshintsho kwiinkqubo zokupholisa ezinokuxabisa ngaphezu kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Umkhulumeli weKhomishini uTerrie Prosper uthe i-megawatts ye-11,500 yemithombo entsha yamandla ahlambulukileyo iya kuza kwi-intanethi ngo-2026 ukuya. ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha elide zikarhulumente.
UJason Bordorf, umseki we-Columbia Climate Institute, uthe ngelixa isicwangciso saseCalifornia “sinokwenzeka ngokobuchule,” uyathandabuza ngenxa yemiceli mngeni yokwakhiwa kwamandla ombane ahlaziyekayo ngokukhawuleza.sex.Bardoff uthe kukho "izizathu ezilungileyo" zokuqwalasela ukwandisa ubomi be-Dark Canyon ukunciphisa iindleko zamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza.
“Kufuneka sibandakanye amandla enyukliya ngendlela evumayo ukuba ayinabungozi.Kodwa imingcipheko yokusilela ukufikelela kwiinjongo zethu zemozulu yodlula imingcipheko yokubandakanya inyukliya kumxube wamandla ekhabhoni enguziro,” utshilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-22-2022
